These religions believe that this reincarnation is cyclic and an endless Saṃsāra, unless one gains spiritual insights that ends this cycle leading to liberation. Reincarnation, or Punarjanman ( Sanskrit: पुनर्जन्मन्, 'rebirth, transmigration'), is discussed in the ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, with many alternate terms such as punarāvṛtti ( पुनरावृत्ति), punarājāti ( पुनराजाति), punarjīvātu ( पुनर्जीवातु), punarbhava ( पुनर्भव), āgati-gati ( आगति-गति, common in Buddhist Pali text), nibbattin ( निब्बत्तिन्), upapatti ( उपपत्ति), and uppajjana ( उप्पज्जन). Rebirth is a key concept found in major Indian religions, and discussed using various terms. Another Greek term sometimes used synonymously is palingenesis, 'being born again'. The Greek equivalent to reincarnation, metempsychosis ( μετεμψύχωσις), derives from meta ('change') and empsykhoun ('to put a soul into'), a term attributed to Pythagoras. The term has been used by modern philosophers such as Kurt Gödel and has entered the English language. Īn alternative term is transmigration, implying migration from one life (body) to another. This aspect may be the soul or mind or consciousness or something transcendent which is reborn in an interconnected cycle of existence the transmigration belief varies by culture, and is envisioned to be in the form of a newly born human being, or animal, or plant, or spirit, or as a being in some other non-human realm of existence. Reincarnation refers to the belief that an aspect of every human being (or all living beings in some cultures) continues to exist after death. The word reincarnation derives from a Latin term that literally means 'entering the flesh again'. 3.10 New religious and spiritual movements.2.10 Renaissance and Early Modern period.2.2 Early Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism.In recent decades, many Europeans and North Americans have developed an interest in reincarnation, and many contemporary works mention it. The historical relations between these sects and the beliefs about reincarnation that were characteristic of Neoplatonism, Orphism, Hermeticism, Manichaenism, and Gnosticism of the Roman era as well as the Indian religions have been the subject of recent scholarly research. Īlthough the majority of denominations within Christianity and Islam do not believe that individuals reincarnate, particular groups within these religions do refer to reincarnation these groups include the mainstream historical and contemporary followers of Cathars, Alawites, the Druze, and the Rosicrucians. A belief in rebirth/ metempsychosis was held by Greek historical figures, such as Pythagoras, Socrates, and Plato, as well as in various modern religions. In various forms, it occurs as an esoteric belief in many streams of Judaism in different aspects, in some beliefs of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, and some Indigenous Australians (though most believe in an afterlife or spirit world). Reincarnation ( Punarjanma) is a central tenet of the Indian religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism as well as certain Paganist religious groups, although there are Hindu and Buddhist groups who do not believe in reincarnation, instead believing in an afterlife.
The term transmigration means passing of soul from one body to another after death. Upon death, the soul becomes transmigrated into a new infant (or animal) to live again. In most beliefs involving reincarnation, the soul is seen as immortal and the only thing that becomes perishable is the body. Resurrection is a similar process hypothesized by some religions, in which a soul comes back to life in the same body. Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new life in a different physical form or body after biological death. In Jainism, a soul travels to any one of the four states of existence after death depending on its karmas.
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